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Damage by alcohol and drugs

1.

Damage caused by Alcohol:

i)

Pathological abnormalities

• Decrease in Haemoglobin
• Increase in PCV, ESR and MCV
• High GamaGlutamyl transfers
• High Creatanine Phosphokinase
• High SGOT
• High SGPT
• High Triglycerides
• High Serum Amylase
• High LDL Cholesterol
• Hypoprotienaemia

ii)

Electrophysiological

• Hypertrophy of ventricle of brain and Cerebral Sulci
• Increased metabolic rate of brain
• Poor Nerve Stimulation
• ECG

iii)

Psychological

• Impaired cognitive function
• Impaired TAT
• Impaired personality
• Impaired intelligence.

2.

Damage caused by Opiates like heroin, smack:

i)

Pathological Changes

• Decrease in Haemoglobin
• Increase in PCV, ESR
• High Serum Bilirubin
• High SGOT and SGPT
• High Alkaline Phosphatase
• High Thymol Turbidity
• Increase in Serum Creatinine
• Increase in Serum Urea
• Increase in Serum Uric Acid

ii)

Elctrophysiological

• Increased metabolic rate of brain
• Abnormal EEG patterns.

iii)

Psychological

• Impaired Personality
• Impaired Intelligence
• Impaired Mental Alertness

·  Others :

• Enlarged liver, Abnormal Lung Function

3.

Damage caused by Cannabis bhang, ganja, charas):

i)

Pathological

• Decrease in Haemoglobin
• Increase in Blood Urea and Glucose
• Increase Serum Bilirubin
• Increase SGOT and SGPT
• Alkaline Phosphatase
• High Thymol Turbidity

ii)

Elctrophysiological

• Hypertrophy of left ventricle of brain
• Abnormal EEG patterns

iii)

Psychological

• Impaired mental arithmetic test
• Impaired digit symbol substitution test
• Impaired Pursuit meter test
• Impaired cognitive function
• Deranged mental process
• Impaired thinking
• Depression
• Impaired Intelligence

Others :

• Impaired Lung Function.
• Enlarged liver
• Appetite
• High Pulse Rate

4.

Damage caused by barbiturates:

i)

Pathological

• Decrease in Haemoglobin
• Increase in ESR, PCV
• Increase in Serum Bilirubin
• Decrease in gastric secretion
• Serum porphyia
• Hypoprotienaemia
• Increase in Serum creatinine
• Increase in Serum Urea
• Increase in Serum Uric Acid

ii)

Electrophysiological

• Less number of cycles of REM sleep
• Increase in Basal Metabolic Rate of Brain
• Other abnormal EEG patterns

iii)

Psychological

• impaired mental ability
• impaired cognitive function
• impaired mental alertness
• impaired emotional stability